Database/DBMS Interview Questions And Answers

Database/DBMS Interview Questions And Answers - Part XII.

56) What Is Fully Functional Dependency?

Answer: In a relation R, X and Y are attributes. X functionally determines Y. Subset of X should not functionally determine Y.

In the above example marks is fully functionally dependent on student_no and course_no together and not on subset of {student_no, course_no}. This means marks cannot be determined either by student_no or course_no alone. It can be determined only using student_no and course_no together.
Hence marks is fully functionally dependent on {student_no, course_no}.

57) What Is Partial Dependency?

Answer: Attribute Y is partially dependent on the attribute X only if it is dependent on a subset of attribute X.

For example course_name, Instructor_name are partially dependent on composite attributes {student-no, course_no} because course_no alone defines course_name, Instructor_name.

58) What Is Transitive Dependency?

Answer: X, Y and Z are 3 attributes in the relation R. Transitive dependency describes a condition where X, Y, and Z are attributes of a relation such that if X → Y and Y → Z, then Z is transitively dependent on X via Y (provided that X is not functionally dependent on Y or Z).

For example, grade depends on marks and in turn marks depend on {student_no, course_no}, hence Grade depends fully transitively on {student_no & course_no}.

59) What Is A Trivial Functional Dependency?

Answer: A trivial functional dependency is a functional dependency of an attribute on a superset of itself.

A functional dependency R: X → Y is called trivial if Y is a subset of X.

For example: {Employee ID, Employee Address} --> {Employee Address} is trivial, here {Employee Address} is a subset of {Employee ID, Employee Address}.

60) What Is Multivalued Dependency?

Answer: A multivalued dependency is a constraint according to which the presence of certain rows in a table implies the presence of certain other rows.

For example, imagine a GELL PEN Maker company that manufactures many models of GELL PEN, but always makes both red and blue colors of each model.

If you have a table that contains the model name, color and year of each GELL PEN the company manufactures, there is a multivalued dependency in that table. If there is a row for a certain model name and year in blue, there must also be a similar row corresponding to the red version of that same GELL PEN.

ALSO CHECK THE BELOW FAQ's:

61) What Are The Steps Of Normalization?
62) What Is First (1st) Normal Form (1NF)?
63) What Is Second (2nd) Normal Form (2NF)?
64) What Is Third (3rd) Normal Form (3NF)?
65) What Is Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF)? Also Define Multivalued Dependency?

66) What is Fourth (4th) Normal Form (4NF)?
67) What is Fifth (5th) Normal Form (5NF)?
68) What Are The Lossless Inference Rules For Functional Dependencies (FD's) Or State The Armstrong's Axioms?
69) What Is Domain-Key Normal Form (DKNF)?
70) Define Transaction? Explain Different States Of Transaction?

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